By: Irina Tabacila and Dean Zacharis
Lizards contribute to the balance of ecosystems, as predator and prey. They contribute to insect populations, which prevents overpopulation and the spread of diseases. Additionally, lizards are a food source for different species of birds, mammals, and other reptiles. Therefore, they are an important piece to the food web and their presence indicates a balanced ecosystem. This linkage between native green anoles and invasive brown anoles exemplifies some of the subtleties regarding Florida ecosystem dynamics, as well as implications for biodiversity. Lizard species, including those shown here, are crucial for providing the necessary context that maintains ecosystem stability and as a result show significant contributions to the overall biodiversity. The fact that brown anoles are taking over from green anoles in Florida makes a strong case for one of the longterm consequences invasive species can have on native populations and ecosystems as a whole.
Green anoles are the only species of anole native to Florida. The arrival of brown anoles from Cuba and the Bahamas in the mid-20th century, likely through cargo shipments, has disrupted this balance. Brown anoles have spread rapidly, often outcompeting native green anoles for food and habitat due to their aggressive nature and adaptability. This has led to their dominance in many parts of Florida.
This broader understanding of lizard dynamics in Florida came to life for me during a recent experience: One morning, while I was volunteering at Halifax Health, I took a walk through their garden. The garden contains many plant and insect species, attracting other wildlife. While sitting on a bench, I spotted a green anole on a low branch. The green anole’s movements were quick and precise. It caught an ant with its sticky tongue and then quickly swallowed it. It continued this hunting behavior, catching several more ants in rapid succession. As I watched, I noticed a brown anole nearby. The brown anole started to interfere with the green anole’s hunt by going for the same food source.
Invasive Brown Anole observed in the garden at Halifax Health
This encounter wasn’t just about watching anoles feed; it looked into their role in the ecosystem. Green anoles help control insect populations, which is important for maintaining the health of the garden. However, the invasive brown anole competes for the same food source, detracting from the native green anole. The presence of both green and brown anoles in the same space highlights Florida’s ecosystems, where native and invasive species compete for resources. This competition has forced green anoles to higher perches, limiting their range and access to resources, which has significant ecological consequences. This change affects their behavior, feeding patterns, and overall chance of survival in the near future.
Native Green Anole showcasing its vibrant color
In conclusion, while brown anoles still play a role in the ecosystem, the protection and support of green anole populations are essential. As the native species, green anoles are integral to maintaining Florida’s biodiversity and ecological balance. It is crucial to address the challenges posed by invasive brown anoles to ensure the survival and prosperity of green anoles, thereby preserving the intricate dynamics of Florida’s ecosystems. Protecting green anoles not only supports biodiversity but also upholds the health and stability of the natural environment.
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